Bacterial Amino Acid Transport Systems
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چکیده
The roles of the cell membrane as both a permeability barrier to foreign substances and as a selective filter which admits nutrient molecules have been recognized as fundamentally important to animal physiology since the first decade of this century. It was not until the 1950's, however, that microbiologists recognized that bacteria possess membrane transport systems, distinct from their metabolic enzymes, that mediate the uptake of amino acids and other nutrients. The work of Cohen and Monod (1957) established modern research on bacterial membrane transport. While much of this early work focused on transport of sugars, Gale provided the first evidence for accumulation of amino acids by bacteria during this era (Gale, 1947, 1954). Today, amino acid transport systems for almost all of the amino acids have been recognized and studied. This review will tabulate information on these systems, but it is not intended to be a comprehensive treatment of all amino acid transport systems. For additional information on other systems, the reader is referred to recent reviews on the subject (Oxender, 1972, 1974, 1975; Slayman, 1973; Boos, 1974; Halpern, 1974; Simoni and Postma, 1975; Wilson, 1978; Iaccarino et at., 1980; Anraku, 1980; Furlong and Schellenberg, 1980). The existence of active amino acid transport systems has been deduced or inferred from a variety of biochemical and genetic approaches. In some instances, the existence
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تاریخ انتشار 2009